2020-06-06T12:23:31Z

Sam Prudence:

=Gene deletion in actinomycetes using I-SceI meganuclease=
This protocol allows the reader to make clean deletions in any actinomycete species using an efficient method to generate gene or gene cluster deletions by forcing homologous recombination using the meganuclase SceI. SceI forces double strand breaks on it’s 18 bp recognition sequence forcing the cell to undergo homologous recombination in order to survive. This method '''does not introduce any other changes to the targeted organism’s genome''', making sequential deletions easy to carry out. Also, the only information that you require prior to deletion of the region of interest is the sequence of the flanking regions (about 1.2 to 2.5 Kb either side of the region that you want to delete). This method can be used on any actinomycete strain whose genome lacks the SceI 18 bp recognition sequence TAGGGATAACAGGGTAAT.

This genome editing tool is a two-step protocol in which first the flanking regions are amplified and cloned into [[pIJ12738]] and the resulting vector is conjugated into the target organism. Once the [[pIJ12738]] derivative is integrated in the actinomycete’s chromosome, a vector carrying a codon optimised I-sceI gene for expression in actinomycetes ([[pIJ12742]]) is conjugated into the above strain. I-sceI expression produces a double strand chromosomal break at a unique introduced 18 base pair I-SceI recognition sequence. Only those genomes that undergo homologous recombination survive, providing a powerful selection for recombinants, approximately half of which possess the desired mutant genotype.

==Organisms==
This protocol should work on any actinomycete species whose genome lacks the SceI recognition site (see above). So far this protocol has been confirmed to work for the following actinomycete strains:

*[[Streptomyces coelicolor]]
*[[Streptomyces venezuelae]]
*[[Streptomyces clavurigerus]]
*[[Microbispora]] corallina
*[[Rhodococcus]] sp.

==Workflow Overview==
*Design primers to amplify both flanking regions
*Clone both flanking regions into pIJ12738
*Transform vector into strain to be mutated
*Select for successful transformants
*Transform successful transformant with pIJ12742
*Select for successful deletion mutants
*Remove pIJ12742 from your mutant strain

==Designing primers to amplify flanking regions==
Identify the genome sequence which you would like to delete, whether an individual gene or an entire biosynthetic gene cluster.

To amplify the left flanking region:

The reverse primer must match the 18-22 bp immediately adjacent to the region to be deleted so you do not have flexibility on its design. Now find a suitable forward primer which is located 1.2-2.5 Kb upstream of that reverse primer. Make sure you add suitable restriction enzyme sites present in the MCS of pIJ12738 to your primer sequences and that the enzymes chosen do not cut the amplified left flanking region.

To amplify the right flanking region:

The forward primer must match the 18-22 bp immediately adjacent to the region to be deleted so you do not have flexibility on its design. Now find a suitable reverse primer which is located 1.2-2.5 Kb downstream of that forward primer. Make sure you add suitable restriction enzyme sites present in the MCS of [[pIJ12738]] to your primer sequences and that the enzymes chosen do not cut the amplified right flanking region.

==Cloning both flanking regions into [[pIJ12738]]==
Amplify the left and right flanking regions. You might have to optimise the PCR conditions using DMSO and a temperature gradient, see [[High GC PCR]].

Clone the left and right flanking regions into [[pIJ12738]] (either sequentially or simultaneously). Check that your plasmid contains the desired flanking regions.

==Transform the plasmid containing the left and right flanking regions into the strain of interest==
Transfer the [[pIJ12738]] derivative generated above into the actinomycete strain of interest using an optimised transformation/conjugation protocol suitable for that particular strain and using apramycin for selection. If it is a newly isolated strain, optimise the transformation /conjugation efficiency using [[pIJ12742]]. This can be done at the same time as you are cloning the flanking regions into [[pIJ12738]] to save time.

==Select for successful transformants==
Apramycin resistant transformants (final apramycin concentration is strain dependent) should be replica plated onto a fresh apramycin containing plate. You can use colony PCR to check for the presence of the plasmid (see general guide on the [[High GC PCR]] page). If colony PCR does not work in your strain, the extract genomic DNA and check that your [[pIJ12738]] derivative has been successfully integrated in the genome.

Once you have confirmed a successful transformant, obtain a spore/mycelia/gycerol stock (use the method which you would normally use to preserve your strain) of the above transformant.

==Transform your transformant with [[pIJ12742]]==
Transfer the I-sceI delivery vector [[pIJ12742]] (I-sceI under the control of the constitutive strong promoter ermE*p) into the transformant strain obtained in step 1.6 using an optimised transformation/conjugation protocol suitable for that particular strain and using thiostrepton for selection.

==Select successful deletion mutants in your strain of interest==
Thiostrepton resistant transformants (final thiostrepton concentration is strain dependent) should be replica plated onto a fresh thiostrepton containing plate. You can use colony PCR to check if your transformant has the wild-type or deletion mutant genotype. If colony PCR does not work in your strain, the extract genomic DNA and check if your transformant has the wild-type or deletion mutant genotype.

Once you have confirmed a successful mutant genotype, obtain a spore/mycelia/gycerol stock (use the method which you would normally use to preserve your strain) of the above deletion mutant and get ready to do some cool experiments with your mutant!

==Remove [[pIJ12742]] from your deletion mutant strain==
[[pIJ12742]] contains a temperature sensitive replicon and therefore loss of this plasmid can be easily achieved by growing the strain at 37 0C in the absence of thiostrepton, leaving a clean deletion mutant strain (no antibiotic resistance markers) which can undergo further genetic manipulation if required. For strains which are unable to grow at such temperature, two or three rounds of growth at 30 0C in the absence of thiostrepton should also promote loss of [[pIJ12742]].

==References==
For further information about this deletion system, how to obtain the plasmids and for citation of this protocol:

*Fernández-Martínez LT & Bibb MJ. Use of the Meganuclease I-SceI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to select for gene deletions in actinomycetes. Sci. Rep.4, 7100; DOI:10.1038/srep07100 (2014).

Protocol adapted for ActinoBase by Dr. Lorena Fernández-Martínez, a group leader at Edge Hill University

File:LFM plasmid maps.png

2020-06-06T12:23:24Z

Sam Prudence:

Meganuclease I-SceI based system for gene deletions

2020-06-06T12:07:44Z

Sam Prudence: Created page with "=Gene deletion in actinomycetes using I-SceI meganuclease= This protocol allows the reader to make clean deletions in any actinomycete species using an efficient method to gen..."

RNA extraction from Actinobacteria

2020-06-06T12:01:15Z

Sam Prudence: /* Notes */

=Isolation of high quality RNA from actinobacterial species=
This protocol can be used to isolate high quality RNA from actinobacterial strains for downstream applications including total RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR. Strains can be grown in liquid media, or on solid agar media before extraction. This protocol is an optimised version of the QIAGEN RNeasy mini kit extraction protocol and you will need to acquire this kit in order to proceed.

==Preparatory steps==
*All pipette tips, eppendorfs and other tubes should be autoclaved twice before use, unless you are sure of that they are RNase free.
*Treat solutions that are not supplied in the QIAGEN RNeasy mini kit and that are autoclavable (i.e the sterile water) with Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) to remove RNases. For DEPC treatment add 0.1% DEPC to the solution, then incubate overnight at 37°C before autoclaving. For any glassware that needs treating, fill with 0.1% DEPC in sterile water, shake and incubate overnight at 37°C then autoclave and pour away the liquid.
*Clean all surfaces, gloves and pipettes with RNaseZap (or a similar product that eliminates RNases) before carrying out the protocol. Change gloves regularly.

==Collection of cellular material==
*Collect cellular material (if strains are grown in liquid, pellet the cellular material by centrifugation in microcentrifuge tubes. If solid agar conditions are used for growth, it can be helpful to grow strains on sterile cellophane discs that lie on top of the agar; cell material can then be easily scraped off with a flame-sterilised spatula).
*Quickly snap freeze collected cellular material in liquid nitrogen immediately after sampling to avoid degradation of RNA. Store at -80°C until further processing.

==RNA extraction==

*Manually grind cell pellets to a fine powder using a hand-held micropestle. Samples should be placed in a rack on dry ice and the rack should be cooled with liquid nitrogen during this process.
*Add 700 µl of Qiagen buffer RLT (supplemented with 1% betamercapterethanol) to ground samples without allowing them thaw. Qiagen buffer RLT is a lysis buffer supplied with the QIAGEN RNeasy mini kit.
*Vortex thoroughly to mix. Centrifuge the sample briefly to pellet if too dense to pipette.
*Add the supernatent to a QIAshredder column (Qiagen) and centrifuge for 2 minutes at 13000 rpm. This step ensures homogenisation of the sample.
*Collect the resulting flow through from the column (avoid taking up any pellet that has formed on the side of the collection tube) and add 700 µl of acid phenol chloroform to this. Mix by turning slowly for one minute.
*Incubate the samples for 3 minutes on the benchtop at room temperature, then centrifuge for 20 minutes in a benchtop centrifuge at 13000 rpm.
*Collect the upper phase (avoid taking up any of the separating layer) and mix with a 50% volume of 96% ETOH (made up with RNase free, DEPC treated water). Transfer the mixture to a Qiagen mini spin column with collection tube (supplied with the RNeasy mini kit).
*The remainder of the protocol uses the RNeasy mini kit protocol (from step 3), including on-column digestion with DNase I. In the final step, elute the RNA in 50 µl of RNase free water. RNA yield can be enhanced by incubating the water for 5 minutes at room temperature on the column membrane before centrifuging to collect.
*It is advised to subject RNA to a further round of DNase treatment using the Invitrogen TURBO DNase kit- it is best to do this immediately after elution, instead of freeze-thawing the RNA sample later. For this, add 5 µl of 10X buffer and 2 µl of TURBO DNase (both in the TURBO DNase kit) to 50 µl of RNA and incubate at 37°C for 25 minutes. Remove the DNase by following the Qiagen RNeasy mini kit on-column clean up protocol. Elute the RNA in 50 µl of RNase free water.
*The quantity and purity of RNA samples can be checked using a nanodrop spectrophotometer and/or Qubit RNA HS or BS assay kit (Invitrogen). An Experion bioanalyser with a prokaryotic RNA standard sensitivity analysis kit (Bio-Rad, California, USA) can be used to assess RNA integrity.

==Notes==

If very small quantities of RNA are expected from samples the QIAGEN RNeasy micro kit could be used to enhance yield. Similarly, if larger quantities of RNA are expected the QIAGEN RNeasy midi kit can be used with the same protocol.

Protocol adapted from the QIAGEN RNeasy mini kit by Dr Sarah Worsley, Postdoc at the University of East Anglia.

ChIP Sequencing

2020-06-06T11:58:21Z

Sam Prudence:

==General overview==

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and sequencing can be used to characterise protein-DNA interactions. It works by cross-linking proteins to DNA, shearing the DNA and then pulling down the protein of interest. Any DNA that is bound to the protein of interest can then be identified by sequencing in order to characterise the DNA binding sites for the protein of interest.

In order to carry out a ChIP-Seq experiment, a specific antibody for the protein of interest is required. Alternatively, a strain expressing the protein of interest with a tag fused to one terminus (e.g. a 3x FLAG-TAG) to allow for immunoprecipitation of the protein-DNA complexes.

Buffer Recipes:
*Lysis Buffer – 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 50 mM NaCl, 10 mg/ml lysozyme
*IP Buffer – 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 500 mM NaCl, 1% v/v Triton-X
*TE Buffer – 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA
*Elution Buffer – 50mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 10 mM EDTA, 1% SDS
*EB Buffer – 10 mM Tris-Cl pH 8.5

Protocol:

*Sampling: Cultures can be grown in either liquid culture or on solid agar plates (on cellophane discs). For sampling, harvest liquid cultures by centrifugation or removing cellophane discs and biomass from the plate at the desired time point.

Optional: At this point, a small sample can also be taken for western blot to confirm expression of the desired protein using an antibody that is specific to the protein of interest of the tag.

*Cross-link proteins to DNA: Wash pellet or submerge disc in 10 ml of a 1% (v/v) formaldehyde solution for 20 minutes at room temperature to cross-link proteins to DNA. Discs/pellets are then washed in 10 ml of 0.5 M glycine for 5 minutes before the biomass is harvested. Wash cells twice in 25 ml ice-cold PBS (pH 7.4). Pellets can either be flash frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage at -80°C or used straight away.

NB: From this point onwards, protease inhibitors should be added to all buffers and work should be conducted on ice where possible.

*Cell Lysis: Resuspend pellets in 1-2 ml lysis buffer and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes.

*Fragmentation of DNA: Add 1 ml IP buffer and mix by pipetting. Sonicate twenty times at 50 Hz, 10 seconds/cycle with at least 2 minutes incubation on ice after each sonication cycle.

Mix 25 μl of crude lysate with 75 μl TE buffer and extract with 200 μl phenol:chloroform. Separate this extracted DNA into two; 25 μl should be transferred to a fresh tube, 2μl RNaseA (1mg/ml) added, incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. This sample should them be analysed by gel electrophoresis to determine whether the DNA has fragmented to the required sizes for sequencing (usually between 200 and 100bp fragments).

Once fragmentation is confirmed, the remaining crude lysate can be cleared by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4°C.

*Immunoprecipitation: For binding, prepare 500 μl Anti-FLAG M2 beads by washing in 2.5 ml 0.5 IP buffer and add 40 μl to the cleared lysate. Incubate on a vertical rotor overnight at 4°C.

Harvest beads gently by centrifugation and wash 4 times in 0.5 IP by incubating on a vertical rotor for 10 minutes at 4°C. Remove as much buffer as possible without removing the beads.

N.B: For this step, it can be useful to prepare “thin” pipette tips by squeezing the end of tips with forceps – this will ensure that fewer beads are lost during the wash process.

*Elution: Add 100 μl elution buffer and incubate at 65°C overnight.

Remove ~100 μl elution buffer and SAVE IT (this is your sample!). Add another 50 μl elution buffer to the beads and incubate at 65°C for a further 5 minutes and remove so that the total final sample is ~150 μl.

*DNA Extraction: Add 2 μl 10 mg/ml proteinase K and incubate at 55°C for 1.5 hours. Add 150 μl phenol-chloroform vortex and centrifuge at full speed for 10 minutes. Remove the aqueous layer and purify on a Qiaquick column (Qiagen) according to the manufacturers protocol. Elute in 50 μl EB buffer – take ~10 μl for quantification (by nanodrop, Qubit etc.) and snap freeze the remaining ~40 μl sample in liquid nitrogen and store at -20 °C for sequencing.

Examples:

This protocol has successfully been used in S. coelicolor, S.venezualea and S. formicae (see publications below).

https://mbio.asm.org/content/mbio/7/2/e00523-16.full.pdf
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01145/full
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000524

Protocol adapted for Actinobase by Rebecca Devine, The University of East Anglia

Microbispora

2020-06-06T11:54:34Z

Sam Prudence:

=Microbispora=
Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Streptosporangiales / Streptosporangiaceae / Microbispora

Microbispora is a genus of aerobic, Gram-positive, non-acid–alcohol-fast, nonmotile, mesophilic, and thermophilic actinobacteria in the Streptosporangiaceae family which form branched substrate and aerial mycelia. Species of Microbispora have been isolated from soil, plant litter, and as epiphytes and endophytes of plants so far. Their typical genomic G+C content is around 68–73 %. The type species in this genus is Microbispora rosea Nonomura and Ohara 1957, 307AL.

==Morphology==
Spore chains, typically containing two spores, hence the name of the genus, which are formed longitudinally on short aerial hyphae. Mesophilic species grow from 20–37°C, with thermophilic species up to 55°C. Some Microbispora species can take 2-4 weeks to form visible colonies on agar plates and 4-6 weeks to form mature spores.

[[File:Microbispora.png|200 px|thumb|top|Microbispora corallina streaked on MV01 agar]]

==Secondary metabolites==
Microbispora species can produce a number of bioactive secondary metabolites, including the lantibiotic microbisporicin.

=References=
# Nonomura, H., and Ohara, Y. (1957). Distribution of Actinomycetes in the soil. II. Microbispora, a new genus of the Streptomycetaceae. J. Ferment. Technol.35,307–3011

# Nouioui, I et al., (2018) Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Front. Microbiol. 9. 2007 DOI. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007

Microbispora

2020-06-06T11:54:11Z

Sam Prudence: Created page with "=Microbispora= Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Streptosporangiales / Streptosporangiaceae / Microbispora Microbispora is a genus of aerobic, Gram-posit..."

=Microbispora=
Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Streptosporangiales / Streptosporangiaceae / Microbispora

Microbispora is a genus of aerobic, Gram-positive, non-acid–alcohol-fast, nonmotile, mesophilic, and thermophilic actinobacteria in the Streptosporangiaceae family which form branched substrate and aerial mycelia. Species of Microbispora have been isolated from soil, plant litter, and as epiphytes and endophytes of plants so far. Their typical genomic G+C content is around 68–73 %. The type species in this genus is Microbispora rosea Nonomura and Ohara 1957, 307AL.

==Morphology==
Spore chains, typically containing two spores, hence the name of the genus, which are formed longitudinally on short aerial hyphae. Mesophilic species grow from 20–37°C, with thermophilic species up to 55°C. Some Microbispora species can take 2-4 weeks to form visible colonies on agar plates and 4-6 weeks to form mature spores.

[[File:Microbispora.png|200 px|thumb|bottom|Microbispora corallina streaked on MV01 agar]]

==Secondary metabolites==
Microbispora species can produce a number of bioactive secondary metabolites, including the lantibiotic microbisporicin.

=References=
# Nonomura, H., and Ohara, Y. (1957). Distribution of Actinomycetes in the soil. II. Microbispora, a new genus of the Streptomycetaceae. J. Ferment. Technol.35,307–3011

# Nouioui, I et al., (2018) Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Front. Microbiol. 9. 2007 DOI. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007

File:Microbispora.png

2020-06-06T11:53:16Z

Sam Prudence:

Organisms

2020-06-06T11:49:21Z

Sam Prudence:

{|
|[[File:Actinobase-icons-trans_Organisms.png|150px|Organisms|link=Organisms]]
|
[[Actinoplanes]] | | [[Amycolatopsis]] | | [[Kitosatospora]] | | [[Microbispora]] | | [[Micromonospora]] | | [[Pseudonocardia]] | | [[Rhodococcus]] | | [[Saccharopolyspora]] | | [[Salinispora]] | | [[Streptomyces]] | | [[Streptacidiphilus]]

|}

The ActinoBase e-Seminar

2020-06-03T14:43:35Z

Sam Prudence: /* Rules & Etiquette */

=The ActinoBase e-Seminar Series=

The ActinoBase e-Seminar Series is an opportunity for both early-career and established researchers in the Actinobacteria community to share their work.

Two speakers each deliver a half hour presentation (twenty minute talks followed by ten minutes of audience Q&A), streamed directly to YouTube from Zoom, with the opportunity for their presentations to be uploaded to the ActinoBase channel. Each seminar is moderated by at least two early-career researchers who introduce the speaker and select questions from the stream chat & twitter.

The seminar is broadcast every Thursday (times TBC) and can be accessed via [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCl-gE1rlZPLfBo7MXuD1DNA the Actinobase YouTube channel]. To register interest in participation, as well as sign up to mailing-list notifications, please fill out our [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdHbIL88FAWe-qQaPJY362fe6-NyZkTg7HvDt8T30m_K8C-6Q/viewform google form].

==Upcoming Talks==

04.06.20 (5pm BST)

Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMGYtd0gYLk

*Audam Chhun - PhD Student, University of Warwick, UK
"Phytoplankton trigger the production of cryptic metabolites in the marine Actinobacteria Salinispora tropica"

*Jonathan Parra - PhD Student, University of Strathclyde, UK
"Integrated multi-omics insights into the specialised metabolism of Pseudonocardia spp. isolated from the Southern Ocean"

==Previous Talks==
30.04.20

'''Available at:''' https://youtu.be/5UekgN_-2Vo

*Dr Rebecca Devine - PostDoc at the University of East Anglia
“'''''From ants to antibiotics: Discovering novel medicines in the genomic era.'''''”

*David Mark - PhD student at the University of Strathclyde
“'''''The anti-pseudomonad activity of Micromonospora Species from the Atacama Desert.'''''”

07.05.20

'''Available at:''' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYSfLwdskpg

*Dr Wilaiwan Koomsiri - PostDoc at Kasetsart University
“''''' Discovery of New Linear Lipopeptides from Streptomyces sp. KO-7888 by Activation of a SARP Regulatory Gene of a Cryptic NRPS Gene Cluster.'''''”

*Anne van der Meij - PhD student at Leiden University
“'''''Impact of plant hormones on growth and development of Actinobacteria.'''''”

14.05.20

Available at:https://youtu.be/2swuBetcmSI

*Rebecca McHugh - PostDoc at the University of Strathclyde
"Aurodox: Teaching and old drug new tricks"

*Jan Falguera - PhD Student at the University of Toronto, Canada
"The effect of DNA damage on cell division in the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces"

21.05.20

Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cc6eKGZQ1Qw

*Dr Scott Jarmusch - PostDoc at Uppsala University, Sweden
"Siderophore Wars: iron-mediated fungal starvation by extremotolerant Streptomyces sp. S29 desferrioxamine production"

*Dr Magalena Kotowska - PostDoc, Hirzfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Poland
"A zinc binding GntR-like protein HypR controlling expression of genes associated with collagen and L-hydroxyproline utilisation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)"

28.05.20

Available at: https://youtu.be/cecBKLoonu4

*Dr Yaojun Tong - PostDoc at The Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
"Natural Products meet CRISPR, the BEST is coming"

*Emily Addington - PhD Student, University of Strathclyde, UK
"Disruption of the mce operon from Streptomyces affects spore resistance and results in precocious germination"

==Organising committee==

The ActinoBase e-Seminar series is organised and hosted by a team of early-career Actinobacteria researchers, if you have any questions about the seminars then feel free to contact any of the members below:

The ActinoBase team: teamwikimyces@gmail.com

Sam Prudence - PhD Student, University of East Anglia: s.prudence@uea.ac.uk
Twitter: [https://twitter.com/Sam_Prudence @Sam_Prudence]

David Mark - PhD Student, University of Strathclyde: david.mark@strath.ac.uk
Twitter: [https://twitter.com/DavidRcoMark @DavidRcoMark]

Alicia Russell - PhD Student, John Innes Centre: alicia.russell@jic.ac.uk
Twitter: [https://twitter.com/alisia_russell @alisia_russell]

Tom Mclean - PhD Student, University of East Anglia: t.mclean@uea.ac.uk
Twitter: [https://twitter.com/TomMcLean05 @TomMcLean05]

Emily Addington - PhD Student, University of Strathclyde

===Rules & Etiquette===
*Abusive behaviour within the live chat feed on YouTube will not be tolerated and will result in a permanent ban.
*Question for speakers can be submitted to moderators via the YouTube live chat or Twitter using the HashTag associated with each session.
*Individuals in the Zoom call should have their microphone muted and video switched off to minimize disruptions & save oin bandwidth.

Groups

The ActinoBase e-Seminar

2020-04-20T08:25:26Z

Sam Prudence: /* Organising committee */

Groups

2020-04-03T12:33:08Z

Sam Prudence:

Below is an alphabetical list of research groups working on Streptomyces, closely related actinomycete bacteria and their natural products. *Indicates membership of the international organising committee for ISBA the International Symposium on the Biology of Actinomycetes. If you'd like to be added please contact us via [https://twitter.com/ActinoBase @actinobase] or use the contact link in the menu bar.

====World Map of Research Groups====
<html>
<iframe src="https://www.google.co.uk/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=14bRNmsDo2vIXP_I8CVOgW4DJGB7ewkuf" width="640" height="480"></iframe>
</html>

====Research Groups List====
[https://www.swansea.ac.uk/staff/medicine/learningandteaching/delsolabascaler/ Prof. Ricardo Del Sol Abascal]

Prof. Dhaval Acharya

[https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=0TuurLQAAAAJ Prof. Bertrand Aigle]

[http://fcm.ens.uabc.mx/?p=personal.php&per=nmillan Prof. Natalie Millán Aguiñaga]

[https://langebio.cinvestav.mx/en/Dr-Francisco-Barona Dr. Paco Barona-Gomez] *

[https://uni-tuebingen.de/fakultaeten/mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche-fakultaet/fachbereiche/interfakultaere-einrichtungen/imit/arbeitsgruppen/mikrobiologie-biotechnologie/research-groups/bera/ Dr. Agnieszka Bera]

[https://www.kuleuven.be/wieiswie/en/person/00006977 Prof. Kristel Bernaerts]

[https://www.faculty.mun.ca/dbignell/ Dr. Dawn Bignell]

[https://sites.wustl.edu/blodgettlab/ Prof. Joshua Blodgett]

Dr. Sherline Brown

[https://www.unioviedo.es/IUOPA/?page_id=1852&lang=en Dr. Felipe Lombó Brugos]

[https://blogs.cornell.edu/buckley/ Prof. Dan Buckley]

[https://www.jic.ac.uk/people/mark-buttner/ Prof. Mark Buttner]

Prof. Beatriz Cámara

[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=na_rzP4AAAAJ&hl=en Prof. Chang-Jun Cha]

[https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/chemistry/research/challis/challisgroup Prof. Greg Challis]

[http://ww3.haverford.edu/chemistry/Charkoudian/ Prof. Lou Charkoudian]

[http://www.claessen-lab.nl/ Prof. Dennis Claessen]

[https://www.lerner.ccf.org/cms/claesen/ Prof. Jan Claesen]

[https://www.coakerlab.org/ Prof. Gitta Coaker]

[https://www.corre-lab.com/ Prof. Chris Corre]

[https://www.proimi.org.ar/miembros/dr-jose-sebastian-davila-costa Dr. José Sebastián Davila Costa]

[https://www.unimi.it/en/ugov/person/paolo-cortesi Prof. Paolo Cortesi]

[http://www.microbiology.ubc.ca/research/labs/davies Prof. Julian Davies]

[https://www.abdn.ac.uk/ncs/profiles/h.deng Dr. Hai Deng]

[http://skmml.sjtu.edu.cn/en/Faculty_Content.aspx?id=43 Prof. Zixin Deng] *

[http://publish.ucc.ie/researchprofiles/D021/adobson Prof. Alan Dobson]

Prof. Cristina Dorador

[http://www.naicons.com/about-us/management-team/stefano-donadio.html Dr. Stefano Donadio] *

[http://www.nsit.ac.in/faculty/bt1/ Prof. Ashok K. Dubey]

[https://www.strath.ac.uk/staff/duncankatherinedr/ Dr. Kate Duncan]

[https://www.swansea.ac.uk/staff/medicine/learningandteaching/dysonpj/ Prof. Paul Dyson]

[https://www.abdn.ac.uk/ncs/people/ncs/profiles/r.ebel Dr. Rainer Ebel]

[https://fhs.mcmaster.ca/biochem/elliot_marie.html Prof. Marie Elliot]

[https://eustaquio.lab.uic.edu Dr. Alessandra Eustaquio]

[https://www.swansea.ac.uk/staff/medicine/research/faceyp/#publications=is-collapsed Dr. Paul Facey]

[http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/wfenical Prof. William Fenical]

[http://www.uniovi.es/en/-/manteca-fernandez-angel Prof. Ángel Manteca Fernández]

[https://www.edgehill.ac.uk/biology/staff/lorena-fernandez-martinez/ Dr. Lorena Fernández-Martínez]

[https://www.biology.lu.se/klas-flardh Prof. Klas Flärdh]

[https://www.flinders.edu.au/people/chris.franco Prof. Chris Franco] *

[https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/persons/susanne-gebhard Dr. Susanne Gebhard]

[https://rjmg.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/rebecca-goss/ Dr. Rebecca Goss]

[https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-science/departments/pharmacy-and-biochemistry/pharmazie/pharmaceutical-biology/ak-gust/ Dr. Bertolt Gust]

[https://www.strath.ac.uk/staff/herronpauldr/ Dr. Paul Herron]

[https://appl-mol-microbiol-shinshu-u.jimdo.com/ Prof. Jun Hosaka]

[https://www.strath.ac.uk/staff/hoskissonpauldr/ Prof. Paul Hoskisson] *

[https://www.geomar.de/en/mitarbeiter/fb3/ms/uhentschel/ Prof. Ute Hentschel]

[https://people.uea.ac.uk/m_hutchings Prof. Matt Hutchings]

Dr. Akihiro Iida

[https://www.kitasato-u.ac.jp/lisci/english/kitasato-LIS/ILS-Lab21en.html Prof. Hauro Ikeda]

[http://www.ibmb.uni.wroc.pl/zmm/jakimowicz.html Prof. Dagmara Jakimowicz]

[https://www.abdn.ac.uk/ncs/profiles/m.jaspars/ Prof. Marcel Jaspars]

[http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/pjensen Prof. Paul Jensen]

Prof. Weihong Jiang

[https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-science/departments/pharmacy-and-biochemistry/pharmazie/pharmaceutical-biology/ak-kaysser/ Prof. Leonard Kaysser]

[https://keaslinglab.lbl.gov/ Prof. Jay Keasling]

[https://researchportal.hw.ac.uk/en/persons/leena-kerr/publications/ Prof. Leena Kerr]

[https://plpa.cfans.umn.edu/people/faculty/linda-kinkel Prof. Linda Kinkel]

[https://imbm.co.za/staff/dr-bronywn-kirby/ Dr. Bronwyn Kirby-McCullough]

[https://people.uea.ac.uk/g_kelemen Dr. Gabriela Kelemen]

[https://www.sav.sk/?lang=en&doc=user-org-user&user_no=1318 Dr. Ján Kormanec]

Prof. Diego Lagos

[https://www.unf.edu/~amy.lane/Research.html Prof. Amy Lane]

Dr. Sylvie Lautru

[https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=yL6B0g8AAAAJ Prof. Pierre Leblonde]

[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=L-f_SkkAAAAJ&hl=en Prof. Ahmed Lebrihi]

[https://www.bioc.cam.ac.uk/leadlay Prof. Peter Leadlay]

Prof. Cuauhtemoc Licona-Cassani

[http://loesgenlab.org/ Prof. Sandra Loesgen]

[https://pppmb.cals.cornell.edu/people/rosemary-loria/ Prof. Rose Loria] *

Prof. Yinhua Lu

Prof. Luis Maldonado

[https://www.dsmz.de/research/bioresources-for-bioeconomy-and-health-research/ Prof. Yvonne Mast]

[https://www.duq.edu/academics/faculty/joseph-mccormick Prof. Joe McCormick]

[https://biofun.uniovi.es/areas/microbiologia/-/asset_publisher/0009/content/mendez-fernandez-m-del-carmen?redirect=%2Fareas%2Fmicrobiologia Prof. Carmen Méndez]

[http://www.mcb.uct.ac.za/mcb/people/staff/academic/meyers Dr. Paul Meyers]

[https://chemistry.illinois.edu/douglasm Prof. Douglas Mitchell]

[http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/bsmoore/pages/moore-lab-research Prof. Bradley Moore]

[https://jgi.doe.gov/about-us/organization/strategic-management/nigel-mouncey/ Dr. Nigel Mouncey]

[https://uni-tuebingen.de/fakultaeten/mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche-fakultaet/fachbereiche/interfakultaere-einrichtungen/imit/arbeitsgruppen/mikrobiologie-biotechnologie/research-groups/musiol-kroll/ Dr. Ewa Musiol-Kroll]

[https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-science/departments/interfaculty-facilities/imit/research-groups/microbiology-biotechnology/research-groups/muth/ Dr. Gunter Muth]

[http://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/person/justin-r-nodwell/ Prof. Justin Nodwell] *

[http://park.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hakko/ Prof. Yasuo Ohnishi]

[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/profiles/117009 Dr. Mark Paget]

[https://micro.biol.ethz.ch/research/piel.html Prof. Jorn Piel]

[https://www.unipa.it/persone/docenti/p/a.maria.puglia Prof. Anna Maria Puglia]

[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IDzDl10AAAAJ&hl=en Dr. Shanti Ratnakomala]

[http://labos.ulg.ac.be/cip/research/streptomyces-genetics-and-development/ Dr. Sébastien Rigali]

[http://biosci.snu.ac.kr/en/people/faculty?mode=view&profidx=13 Prof. Jung-Hye Roe] *

[http://cput.academia.edu/MarilizeLeRoesHill Dr. Marilize Le Roes-Hill]

[https://www.surrey.ac.uk/people/claudio-avignone-rossa-frsb Prof. Claudio Avignone Rossa FRSB]

Prof. José Salas

Prof. Richard Samuels

[https://pharmacy.uic.edu/profiles/sanchelm/ Dr. Laura Sanchez]

[https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/s/dr-vartul-sangal/ Dr. Vartul Sangal]

[https://www.biologie.uni-halle.de/microbiology/sawers/ Prof. Gary Sawers]

[https://www.uni-osnabrueck.de/universitaet/personensuche/personendetails.html?config_id=182d4abe417c9851aacad4acd6e0df1b&module=TemplatePersondetails&range_id=studip&target=15852&username=hschremp Prof. Hildgund Schrempf]

[https://www.schlimpertlab.com Dr. Susan Schlimpert]

[https://biologicalsciences.leeds.ac.uk/molecular-and-cellular-biology/staff/134/dr-ryan-f-seipke Dr. Ryan Seipke]

[https://www.scripps.edu/shen/ Prof. Ben Shen]

[https://www.lsi.umich.edu/profiles/david-sherman-phd Prof. David Sherman]

[http://www.bti.umn.edu/labs/smanski/people.html Prof. Mike Smanski]

[https://www.york.ac.uk/biology/research/molecular-microbiology/maggie-smith/ Prof. Maggie Smith]

[https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/persons/colin-smith Prof. Colin Smith]

[https://www.ncl.ac.uk/nes/staff/profile/jemstach.html#background Dr. James Stach]

[https://uni-tuebingen.de/fakultaeten/mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche-fakultaet/fachbereiche/interfakultaere-institute-und-zentren/imit/arbeitsgruppen/mikrobiologie-biotechnologie/research-groups/stegmann/ Dr. Evi Stegmann]

[https://biochemistry.tamu.edu/people/straight-paul/ Dr. Paul Straight]

[https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/s/professor-iain-sutcliffe/ Prof. Iain Sutcliffe]

[https://www.faculty.mun.ca/ktahlan/ Dr. Kapil Tahlan]

[https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/eriko.takano.html Prof. Eriko Takano]

[http://www.riken.jp/en/research/labs/csrs/riken_kribb/ Dr. Shunji Takahashi]

[http://www.im.ac.cn/english1/pi/tanhuarong.htm Prof. Huarong Tan]

[https://www.biologie.hu-berlin.de/de/gruppenseiten/mikrobiologie/tschowri_group Dr. Natalia Tschowri]

[https://scholar.google.co.th/citations?user=xj8zuvoAAAAJ&hl=th Prof. Arinthip Thamchaipenet] *

[https://people.csiro.au/T/L/Louise-Thatcher Dr. Louise Thatcher]

[http://www.microbiology.ubc.ca/research/labs/thompson Prof. Charles Thompson]

[https://plantandmicrobiology.berkeley.edu/profile/traxler Dr. Matt Traxler]

[https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=t4UxSxEAAAAJ&hl=en Dr. Martha Trujillo] *

[https://www.jic.ac.uk/people/andrew-truman/ Dr. Andy Truman]

Dr. Kenji Ueda *

[https://chemistry.illinois.edu/vddonk Prof. Wilfred van der Donk]

[https://www.swansea.ac.uk/staff/medicine/learningandteaching/vankeuleng/ Dr. Geertje van Keulen]

[https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/gilles-van-wezel#tab-1 Prof. Gilles van Wezel] *

Prof. Marie-Joelle Virolle

[https://www.irb.hr/eng/About-RBI/People/Dusica-Vujaklija Dr. Dusica Vujaklija]

[http://www.fau.edu/hboi/mbbr/biosynth-1.php Prof. Guojun Wang]

[https://www.dtu.dk/english/service/phonebook/person?id=91195&tab=2&qt=dtupublicationquery Prof. Tilmann Weber]

[https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/lifesci/people/ewellington/ Prof. Liz Wellington] *

[https://www.helmholtz-hzi.de/en/research/research-topics/anti-infectives/microbial-strain-collection/our-research/#anchorsection Prof. Joachim Wink]

[https://www.jic.ac.uk/people/professor-barrie-wilkinson/ Prof. Barrie Wilkinson]

[https://williamslab.wordpress.ncsu.edu/ Prof. Gavin Williams]

[https://www.bioscience.utah.edu/faculty/winter/ Prof. Jaclyn Winter]

[https://uni-tuebingen.de/fakultaeten/mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche-fakultaet/fachbereiche/interfakultaere-institute-und-zentren/imit/arbeitsgruppen/mikrobiologie-biotechnologie/ Prof. Wolfgang Wohlleben] *

[http://www.thewrightlab.com Prof. Gerry Wright]

[https://www.ewha.ac.kr/mbs/ewhakr/jsp/sprofile/sprofile_View.jsp?id=ewhaen_030103030100&cateId=80&sabun=MTUwODYx&tab=TAB2 Prof. Yeo-Joon Yoon]

[http://www.ibmb.uni.wroc.pl/zmm/zakrzewska.html Dr. Jolanta Zakrzewska-Czerwińska]

[http://zhanglab.caspmi.cn/?people/current-members/zhanglixin.html Prof. Lixin Zhang] *

[http://faculty.scs.illinois.edu/~zhaogrp/ Prof. Huimin Zhao]

[https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-science/departments/interfaculty-institutes-and-centres/imit/research-groups/applied-natural-products-genome-mining/ Prof. Nadine Ziemert]