Actinobacteria - Revision history

DaveMark at 14:06, 27 September 2019

2019-09-27T14:06:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:06, 27 September 2019
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	==Taxonomy==		==Taxonomy==
	==Ecology==		==Ecology==
	==[[Morphology and Lifecycle]]==		==[[Actinomycetes Morphology and Lifecycle \| Morphology and Lifecycle]]==

	<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.		<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.

DaveMark at 14:01, 27 September 2019

2019-09-27T14:01:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:01, 27 September 2019
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	==Taxonomy==		==Taxonomy==
	==Ecology==		==Ecology==
	==Morphology and Lifecycle==		==[[Morphology and Lifecycle]]==

	<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.		<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.

EmilyAddington: /* Morphology and Lifecycle */

2019-09-27T13:51:31Z

Morphology and Lifecycle

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:51, 27 September 2019
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	==Taxonomy==		==Taxonomy==
	==Ecology==		==Ecology==
	[[==Morphology and Lifecycle==]]		==Morphology and Lifecycle==

	<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.		<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.
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	The <i>Actinomycetes</i> have a complex lifecycle involving significant morphological transitions which begins with a germinating spore. Germ-tubes emerge from the spore by tip-elongation and expand to form a branching multichromosomal filamentous network known as a vegetative mycelium. This is the first phase of growth, with the vegetative mycelium often expanding deep into the surrounding environment. The second phase of growth is initiated in response to nutrient depletion amongst other signals such as quorum-sensing and environmental stresses <sup>[4]</sup>. During this stage secondary metabolites are produced, and unbranched aerial hyphae grow upwards and outwards of the aqueous vegetative mycelium <sup>[1]</sup>. Aerial hyphae are sporogenic, forming septal cross walls which separate them into pre-spore compartments which will ultimately become spore chains. Spores are typically unigenomic and have thick spore-walls to protect the enclosed genetic material <sup>[4]</sup>. Mature spores are disseminated into the environment to begin the lifecycle anew.		The <i>Actinomycetes</i> have a complex lifecycle involving significant morphological transitions which begins with a germinating spore. Germ-tubes emerge from the spore by tip-elongation and expand to form a branching multichromosomal filamentous network known as a vegetative mycelium. This is the first phase of growth, with the vegetative mycelium often expanding deep into the surrounding environment. The second phase of growth is initiated in response to nutrient depletion amongst other signals such as quorum-sensing and environmental stresses <sup>[4]</sup>. During this stage secondary metabolites are produced, and unbranched aerial hyphae grow upwards and outwards of the aqueous vegetative mycelium <sup>[1]</sup>. Aerial hyphae are sporogenic, forming septal cross walls which separate them into pre-spore compartments which will ultimately become spore chains. Spores are typically unigenomic and have thick spore-walls to protect the enclosed genetic material <sup>[4]</sup>. Mature spores are disseminated into the environment to begin the lifecycle anew.
			[[Actinomycetes Morphology and Lifecycle]].

	==Actinobacteria genetics==		==Actinobacteria genetics==

EmilyAddington: /* Morphology and Lifecycle */

2019-09-27T13:47:26Z

Morphology and Lifecycle

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:47, 27 September 2019
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	==Taxonomy==		==Taxonomy==
	==Ecology==		==Ecology==
	==Morphology and Lifecycle==		[[==Morphology and Lifecycle==]]

	<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.		<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.

EmilyAddington at 13:43, 27 September 2019

2019-09-27T13:43:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:43, 27 September 2019
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	The <i>Actinomycetes</i> have a complex lifecycle involving significant morphological transitions which begins with a germinating spore. Germ-tubes emerge from the spore by tip-elongation and expand to form a branching multichromosomal filamentous network known as a vegetative mycelium. This is the first phase of growth, with the vegetative mycelium often expanding deep into the surrounding environment. The second phase of growth is initiated in response to nutrient depletion amongst other signals such as quorum-sensing and environmental stresses. During this stage secondary metabolites are produced, and unbranched aerial hyphae grow upwards and outwards of the aqueous vegetative mycelium. Aerial hyphae are sporogenic, forming septal cross walls which separate them into pre-spore compartments which will ultimately become spore chains. Spores are typically unigenomic and have thick spore-walls to protect the enclosed genetic material. Mature spores are disseminated into the environment to begin the lifecycle anew.		The <i>Actinomycetes</i> have a complex lifecycle involving significant morphological transitions which begins with a germinating spore. Germ-tubes emerge from the spore by tip-elongation and expand to form a branching multichromosomal filamentous network known as a vegetative mycelium. This is the first phase of growth, with the vegetative mycelium often expanding deep into the surrounding environment. The second phase of growth is initiated in response to nutrient depletion amongst other signals such as quorum-sensing and environmental stresses <sup>[4]</sup>. During this stage secondary metabolites are produced, and unbranched aerial hyphae grow upwards and outwards of the aqueous vegetative mycelium <sup>[1]</sup>. Aerial hyphae are sporogenic, forming septal cross walls which separate them into pre-spore compartments which will ultimately become spore chains. Spores are typically unigenomic and have thick spore-walls to protect the enclosed genetic material <sup>[4]</sup>. Mature spores are disseminated into the environment to begin the lifecycle anew.

	==Actinobacteria genetics==		==Actinobacteria genetics==

	==Antimicrobial production==		==Antimicrobial production==

	==References==		==References==

	[1] Barka, E. A., Vatsa, P., Sanchez, L., Gaveau-Vaillant, N., Jacquard, C., Klenk, H.-P., … van Wezel, G. P. (2016). Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00019-15		[1] Barka, E. A., Vatsa, P., Sanchez, L., Gaveau-Vaillant, N., Jacquard, C., Klenk, H.-P., … van Wezel, G. P. (2016). Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00019-15

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	[3] Manteca, Á., & Yagüe, P. (2019). Streptomyces as a Source of Antimicrobials: Novel Approaches to Activate Cryptic Secondary Metabolite Pathways. In Antimicrobials, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiofilm Strategies and Activity Methods. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81812		[3] Manteca, Á., & Yagüe, P. (2019). Streptomyces as a Source of Antimicrobials: Novel Approaches to Activate Cryptic Secondary Metabolite Pathways. In Antimicrobials, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiofilm Strategies and Activity Methods. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81812

			[4] Flärdh, K. and Buttner, M. J. (2009) ‘Streptomyces morphogenetics: dissecting differentiation in a filamentous bacterium’, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 7(1), pp. 36–49. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1968.



	==Further Reading==		==Further Reading==

EmilyAddington: /* Morphology and Lifecycle */

2019-08-30T15:37:55Z

Morphology and Lifecycle

← Older revision	Revision as of 15:37, 30 August 2019
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		[[File: Lifecycle.jpeg]]

EmilyAddington: /* Morphology and Lifecycle */

2019-08-30T15:36:11Z

Morphology and Lifecycle

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 30 August 2019
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	<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.		<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.






	The <i>Actinomycetes</i> have a complex lifecycle involving significant morphological transitions which begins with a germinating spore. Germ-tubes emerge from the spore by tip-elongation and expand to form a branching multichromosomal filamentous network known as a vegetative mycelium. This is the first phase of growth, with the vegetative mycelium often expanding deep into the surrounding environment. The second phase of growth is initiated in response to nutrient depletion amongst other signals such as quorum-sensing and environmental stresses. During this stage secondary metabolites are produced, and unbranched aerial hyphae grow upwards and outwards of the aqueous vegetative mycelium. Aerial hyphae are sporogenic, forming septal cross walls which separate them into pre-spore compartments which will ultimately become spore chains. Spores are typically unigenomic and have thick spore-walls to protect the enclosed genetic material. Mature spores are disseminated into the environment to begin the lifecycle anew.		The <i>Actinomycetes</i> have a complex lifecycle involving significant morphological transitions which begins with a germinating spore. Germ-tubes emerge from the spore by tip-elongation and expand to form a branching multichromosomal filamentous network known as a vegetative mycelium. This is the first phase of growth, with the vegetative mycelium often expanding deep into the surrounding environment. The second phase of growth is initiated in response to nutrient depletion amongst other signals such as quorum-sensing and environmental stresses. During this stage secondary metabolites are produced, and unbranched aerial hyphae grow upwards and outwards of the aqueous vegetative mycelium. Aerial hyphae are sporogenic, forming septal cross walls which separate them into pre-spore compartments which will ultimately become spore chains. Spores are typically unigenomic and have thick spore-walls to protect the enclosed genetic material. Mature spores are disseminated into the environment to begin the lifecycle anew.

EmilyAddington: /* Morphology and Lifecycle */

2019-08-30T15:34:20Z

Morphology and Lifecycle

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:34, 30 August 2019
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	<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.		<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.

	The <i>Actinomycetes</i> have a complex lifecycle involving significant morphological transitions which begins with a germinating spore. Germ-tubes emerge from the spore by tip-elongation and expand to form a branching multichromosomal filamentous network known as a vegetative mycelium. This is the first phase of growth, with the vegetative mycelium often ~~explaining~~ deep into ~~its~~ environment. The second phase of growth is initiated in response to nutrient depletion amongst other signals such as quorum-sensing and environmental stresses. During this stage secondary metabolites are produced, and unbranched aerial hyphae grow upwards and outwards of the aqueous vegetative mycelium. Aerial hyphae are sporogenic, forming septal cross walls which separate them into pre-spore compartments which will ultimately become spore chains. Spores are typically unigenomic and have thick spore-walls to protect the enclosed genetic material. Mature spores are disseminated into the environment to begin the lifecycle anew.		The <i>Actinomycetes</i> have a complex lifecycle involving significant morphological transitions which begins with a germinating spore. Germ-tubes emerge from the spore by tip-elongation and expand to form a branching multichromosomal filamentous network known as a vegetative mycelium. This is the first phase of growth, with the vegetative mycelium often expanding deep into the surrounding environment. The second phase of growth is initiated in response to nutrient depletion amongst other signals such as quorum-sensing and environmental stresses. During this stage secondary metabolites are produced, and unbranched aerial hyphae grow upwards and outwards of the aqueous vegetative mycelium. Aerial hyphae are sporogenic, forming septal cross walls which separate them into pre-spore compartments which will ultimately become spore chains. Spores are typically unigenomic and have thick spore-walls to protect the enclosed genetic material. Mature spores are disseminated into the environment to begin the lifecycle anew.

	==Actinobacteria genetics==		==Actinobacteria genetics==

EmilyAddington: /* Morphology and Lifecycle */

2019-08-30T15:33:35Z

Morphology and Lifecycle

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:33, 30 August 2019
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	==Ecology==		==Ecology==
	==Morphology and Lifecycle==		==Morphology and Lifecycle==

			<i>Actinobacteria</i> display varied morphology and lifecycles depending on the environmental niche in which they reside.

			The <i>Actinomycetes</i> have a complex lifecycle involving significant morphological transitions which begins with a germinating spore. Germ-tubes emerge from the spore by tip-elongation and expand to form a branching multichromosomal filamentous network known as a vegetative mycelium. This is the first phase of growth, with the vegetative mycelium often explaining deep into its environment. The second phase of growth is initiated in response to nutrient depletion amongst other signals such as quorum-sensing and environmental stresses. During this stage secondary metabolites are produced, and unbranched aerial hyphae grow upwards and outwards of the aqueous vegetative mycelium. Aerial hyphae are sporogenic, forming septal cross walls which separate them into pre-spore compartments which will ultimately become spore chains. Spores are typically unigenomic and have thick spore-walls to protect the enclosed genetic material. Mature spores are disseminated into the environment to begin the lifecycle anew.

	==Actinobacteria genetics==		==Actinobacteria genetics==

EmilyAddington: /* References */

2019-08-30T15:04:20Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:04, 30 August 2019
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	==Antimicrobial production==		==Antimicrobial production==
	==References==		==References==
	1. Barka, E. A., Vatsa, P., Sanchez, L., Gaveau-Vaillant, N., Jacquard, C., Klenk, H.-P., … van Wezel, G. P. (2016). Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00019-15		[1] Barka, E. A., Vatsa, P., Sanchez, L., Gaveau-Vaillant, N., Jacquard, C., Klenk, H.-P., … van Wezel, G. P. (2016). Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00019-15

	2.Qin, S., Li, W. J., Klenk, H. P., Hozzein, W. N., & Ahmed, I. (2019). Editorial: Actinobacteria in special and extreme habitats: Diversity, function roles and environmental adaptations, second edition. Frontiers in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00944		[2] Qin, S., Li, W. J., Klenk, H. P., Hozzein, W. N., & Ahmed, I. (2019). Editorial: Actinobacteria in special and extreme habitats: Diversity, function roles and environmental adaptations, second edition. Frontiers in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00944

	3.Manteca, Á., & Yagüe, P. (2019). Streptomyces as a Source of Antimicrobials: Novel Approaches to Activate Cryptic Secondary Metabolite Pathways. In Antimicrobials, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiofilm Strategies and Activity Methods. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81812		[3] Manteca, Á., & Yagüe, P. (2019). Streptomyces as a Source of Antimicrobials: Novel Approaches to Activate Cryptic Secondary Metabolite Pathways. In Antimicrobials, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiofilm Strategies and Activity Methods. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81812

	==Further Reading==		==Further Reading==