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	<id>https://actinobase.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Exploration</id>
	<title>Exploration - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://actinobase.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Exploration"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://actinobase.org/index.php?title=Exploration&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-10-17T21:05:04Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.39.3</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://actinobase.org/index.php?title=Exploration&amp;diff=1201&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tommclean at 15:57, 29 August 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://actinobase.org/index.php?title=Exploration&amp;diff=1201&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-08-29T15:57:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:57, 29 August 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==General overview==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==General overview==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Exploration is an alternative developmental stage of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Actinobacteria&amp;#039;&amp;#039; consisting of rapid horizontal hyphal growth on [[YP]] agar, or [[YPD]] agar in the presence of certain fungi, with little to no branching. The exploring colony will also produce volatile organic compounds which induce exploration in distal colonies. Not every Actinobacteria is capable of exploring but was first described in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Streptomyces venezuelae&amp;#039;&amp;#039; along with others &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Useful host strains:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Useful host strains:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Abiotic induction protocol:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Abiotic induction protocol:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Make 33-50mL [[YP]] plates&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Make 33-50mL [[YP]] plates&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Inoculate 5μL of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Actinomyces spp..&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &lt;/del&gt;spore stock in the centre of the plate&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Inoculate 5μL of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bacterial &lt;/ins&gt;spore stock in the centre of the plate&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Incubate at 30ºC for 14 days&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Incubate at 30ºC for 14 days&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Image plate&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Image plate&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l18&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Grow &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in an overnight culture of liquid [[YPD]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Grow &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in an overnight culture of liquid [[YPD]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Make 33-50mL [[YPD]] plates&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Make 33-50mL [[YPD]] plates&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Inoculate 5μL of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Actinomyces spp.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &lt;/del&gt;spore stock in the centre of the plates&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Inoculate 5μL of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bacterial &lt;/ins&gt;spore stock in the centre of the plates&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Inoculate 5μL of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&amp;#039;&amp;#039; overnight culture next to the other inoculation and blend gently&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Inoculate 5μL of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&amp;#039;&amp;#039; overnight culture next to the other inoculation and blend gently&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Incubate at 30ºC for 14 days&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*Incubate at 30ºC for 14 days&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tommclean</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://actinobase.org/index.php?title=Exploration&amp;diff=1191&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tommclean: Created page with &quot;==General overview==  &lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;strong&gt;Useful host strains:&lt;/strong&gt; *&lt;em&gt;Streptomyces venezuelae &lt;/em&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt; This species is currently the most well character...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://actinobase.org/index.php?title=Exploration&amp;diff=1191&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-08-29T15:35:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;==General overview==  &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Useful host strains:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; *&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Streptomyces venezuelae &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; This species is currently the most well character...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;==General overview==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Useful host strains:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Streptomyces venezuelae &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This species is currently the most well characterised for exploration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Abiotic induction protocol:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*Make 33-50mL [[YP]] plates&lt;br /&gt;
*Inoculate 5μL of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Actinomyces spp..&amp;#039;&amp;#039; spore stock in the centre of the plate&lt;br /&gt;
*Incubate at 30ºC for 14 days&lt;br /&gt;
*Image plate&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This protocol is more reliable as you are not reliant on the activity of the yeast co-culture&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Biotic induction protocol:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*Grow &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in an overnight culture of liquid [[YPD]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Make 33-50mL [[YPD]] plates&lt;br /&gt;
*Inoculate 5μL of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Actinomyces spp.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; spore stock in the centre of the plates&lt;br /&gt;
*Inoculate 5μL of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&amp;#039;&amp;#039; overnight culture next to the other inoculation and blend gently&lt;br /&gt;
*Incubate at 30ºC for 14 days&lt;br /&gt;
*Image plate&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This protocol can be less reliable due to the nature of the yeast co-culture but allows for reciprocal testing if required. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;References:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jones, S., Ho, L., Rees, C., Hill, J., Nodwell, J. and Elliot, M. (2017). &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Streptomyces&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; exploration is triggered by fungal interactions and volatile signals. &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;eLife&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;, 6.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Protocol adapted for Actinobase by Thomas C. McLean, The University of East Anglia&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tommclean</name></author>
	</entry>
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